Unia opiera się na wartościach poszanowania godności osoby ludzkiej, wolności, demokracji, równości, państwa prawnego, jak również poszanowania praw człowieka, w tym praw osób należących do mniejszości. Wartości te są wspólne Państwom Członkowskim w społeczeństwie opartym na pluralizmie, niedyskryminacji, tolerancji, sprawiedliwości, solidarności oraz na równości kobiet i mężczyzn.

As covid-19 raged, speculation grew that the crisis would restrengthen public support for the state; faith in experts; and both pro- and anti-Europeanism.

New research reveals these all to be illusions. Instead, the crisis has revolutionised citizens’ perceptions of global order – scrambling the distinctions between nationalism and globalism.

One group – the DIYers – sees a nineteenth-century world of

A new web of alliances is taking shape as EU members wrangle over billions of euros intended to fuel Europe’s post-coronavirus recovery.

Here are five new factions emerging in the recovery funding debate.

The ‘loans for loans’ gang

Austria, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden

The grants gang

France, Germany, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Criteria critics I: Wealthy westerners

The Recovery Fundrecently proposed by the EU Commissionmarks a sea-change in European integration. Yet it will not be enough to meet the challenges Europe faces. There has been much public debate about financing, but little about the sort of concrete projects that the EU should be putting public money into.