Neoplasms, also known as carcinoma, are a major health problem worldwide. This disease occurs when cells in the body begin to grow uncontrollably, forming masses or tumors that can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (not cancerous). Cancer can spread to other parts of the body, making it particularly dangerous.
Causes and Risk Factors
Cancer is a multifactorial disease, meaning that many factors contribute to its development. The main causes include:
- Genetics: Inherited gene mutations may increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
- Lifestyle: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity are significant risk factors.
- Environment: Exposure to certain chemicals, UV radiation and pollutants may contribute to the development of cancer.
- Infections: Some viruses, such as HPV (human papillomavirus) and hepatitis B and C viruses, are associated with a higher risk of cancer.
Cancer Incidence Rate
The incidence of cancer varies depending on region, age, gender and other demographic factors. In Poland, according to the latest data from the National Cancer Registry, the number of new cancer cases is increasing. In 2023, more than 165 thousand new cases of malignant tumors were recorded, the most common of which are breast cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer.
Cancer in Poland
- Breast Cancer: The most common type of cancer among women. More than 22,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2023.
- Lung Cancer: One of the most dangerous types of cancer, both among men and women. In Poland, about 23 thousand new cases have been reported.
- Colon Cancer: The second most common type of cancer, with about 18,000 new cases per year.
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention plays a key role in reducing the risk of cancer. Regular check-ups, a healthy diet, physical activity, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are key elements of prevention.
Cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. The most common methods are:
- Surgery: Removal of the tumor.
- Radiotherapy: The use of radiation to destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Targeted therapies and immunotherapy: Modern treatments that use the patient's immune system to fight cancer.
Summary
Cancer is a serious health problem, the incidence of which is constantly increasing. Understanding the causes and risk factors, regular preventive examinations, and a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of cancer. Education and awareness are key in the fight against this disease, so it is worth taking care of your health and consulting your doctor regularly.
